Li et al. [10] (2016) |
China |
68 |
Adult |
Duodenal ulcer: 21 |
Rabeprazole 40 mg, bismuth citrate, amoxicillin 2,000 mg, clarithromycin 1,000 mg, 10 days |
Antrum and corpus |
Biopsy |
At least 4 weeks later |
Quantitative real-time PCRforl6S rRNA gene |
None |
Antrum after HP eradication: Lactobacillus ↑, Clostridium leptum ↑, Enterobacteria ↑, Clostridium coccoides ↑ |
Corpus after HP eradication: Lactobacillus ↑, Clostridium coccoides ↑ |
Feces after HP eradication: Lactobacillus ↑ |
Li et al. [11] (2017) |
China |
33 |
Adult |
Gastritis: 7 |
Esomeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 2,000 mg, clarithromycin 1,000 mg, 7 days |
Antrum and corpus |
Biopsy |
8 weeks later |
16S rRNA gene sequencing |
None |
Bacterial diversity after HP eradication ↑ |
Intestinal metaplasia: 4 |
OTUs after HP eradication: Neisseria ↑, Serratia ↑, Haemophilus parainfluenzae ↑, Rhizobium ↑, Flavobacterium ↑, Fusobacterium ↑ |
He et al. [12] (2019) |
China |
17 |
Adult |
Chronic superficial gastritis: 10 |
Esomeprazole 40 mg, bismuth subcitrate 440 mg, amoxicillin 2,000 mg, furazolidone 200 mg, 14 days |
Antrum |
Biopsy |
4 and 24 weeks later |
16S rRNA gene sequencing |
PICRUSt |
Bacterial diversity after HP eradication ↑ |
At 24 weeks after HP eradication: Prevotella ↑, Ralstonia ↑, Pseudomonas ↑, Lactobacillus ↑ |
At 24 weeks vs. 4 weeks after HP eradication: Prevotella ↑, Lactobacillus ↑, Ralstonia ↓ |
Changes in metagenomic function after HP eradication: lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis ↓, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins ↓,bacterial motility proteins ↓,bacterial chemotaxis ↓, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis ↑, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism ↑, pentose phosphate pathways ↑ |
Park et al. [13] (2019) |
Korea |
138 |
Adult |
Chronic superficial gastritis: 9 |
Rabeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 2,000 mg, clarithromycin 1,000 mg, 14 days |
Antrum |
Biopsy |
1 month hter |
16S rRNA gene sequencing |
PICRUSt |
Before the HP eradication therapy, the relative abundance of Helicobacter was 93.3%, vdiile that of non-HP-Proteobacteria was 2.9%. After the eradication, the relative abundance of non-HP-Proteobacteria increased (46.8%). |
Changes in microbial taxa and metagenomic function after HP eradication: Rhizobiales ↑, T4SS genes ↑ |
Serrano et al. [14] (2019) |
Chile |
16 |
Child |
Children with nausea and abdominal discomfort: 7 |
Omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, 14 days |
Stomach |
Biopsy |
2 months later |
16S rRNA gene sequencing |
None |
Shannon and Simpson indexes after HP eradication ↑, Pseudomo-nadaceae ↑, Delftia ↑, Kocuria ↑, Stenotrophomonas ↑ |
Guo et al. [15] (2020) |
China |
164 |
Adult |
Normal or superficial gastritis: 5 |
Omeprazole 40 mg, bismuth citrate 600 mg, metronidazole 1,200 mg, tetracycline 2,250 mg, 10 days |
Antrum |
Biopsy |
6 months later |
16S rRNA gene sequencing |
Tax4Fun |
Richness and Shannon indexes after HP eradication ↑, Staphylococcus ↑, Corynebacterium ↑, Fusobaderium ↑, Bacteroides ↑, Streptophyta ↑, Prevotella ↑, Gemella ↑, Porphyromonas ↑, Alloprevotella ↑, Veillonella ↑, Neisseria ↑, Streptococcus ↑, Rothia ↑, Haemophilus ↑ |
Atrophic gastritis: 25 |
Protein digestion and absorption ↑, glycosaminoglycan and other glycan degrada社on ↑, gastric acid secretion ↑, carbohydrate digestion and absorption ↑, flagellar assembly ↓, bacterial chemotaxis and bacterial secretion system pathways ↓ |
Intestinal metaplasia/dyspl asia: 28 |
Miao et al. [16] (2020) |
China |
55 |
Child |
Gastritis or duodenitis: 2 |
PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, 14 days, for 5 children |
Antrum |
Biopsy |
Within 4 weeks later |
16S rRNA gene sequencing |
PICRUSt |
Microbial diversity after HP eradication ↑ |
Gastric or duodenal erosion: 2 |
PPI, bismuth, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, 14 days, for 3 children |
Neisseria, Cuwibacter, and Haemophilus were common in HP-negative children and patients with successful HP eradication |
Duodenal ulcer: 7 |
PPI, amoxicillin, 5 days, thereafter PPI, clarithromycin, 5 days (sequential therapy), for 2 children |
Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, bismuth, 14 days, for 1 child |
Sung et al. [6] (2020) |
China |
202 |
Adult |
Gastritis, atrophy, or intestinal metaplasia: 102a
|
Omeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 2,000 mg, clarithromycin 1,000 mg, 7 days |
Antrum and corpus |
Biopsy |
1 year later |
16S rRNA gene sequencing |
PICRUSt |
Microbial diversity after HP eradication ↑ |
Patients with persistent inflammation 1 year after HP eradication: Acinetobacter Iwoffii ↑, Streptococcus anginosus ↑, Ralstonia ↑ |
Patients with emerged atrophy 1 year after HP eradication: Granulicatella ↑, Streptococcus ↑, Rothia ↑, Leptotrichia ↑ |
Patients with emerged intestinal metaplasia after HP eradication: Mesorhizobium ↑, Cupriavidus ↑ |
Changes in metagenomic function in patients with emerged intestinal metaplasia after HP eradication: amino acid metabolism ↑, inositol phosphate metabolism ↑, several genes encoding virulence bacterial T4SS ↑ |