Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res > Volume 20(3); 2020 > Article |
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Study | Country | Number of patients | Population | Background disease and number of patients successfully treated with HP eradication therapy | HP eradication regimen | Location | Sample collection | Evaluation timing after HP eradication therapy | Microbiome analysis | Metagenomic function analysis | Main results |
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Li et al. [10] (2016) | China | 68 | Adult | Duodenal ulcer: 21 | Rabeprazole 40 mg, bismuth citrate, amoxicillin 2,000 mg, clarithromycin 1,000 mg, 10 days | Antrum and corpus | Biopsy | At least 4 weeks later | Quantitative real-time PCRforl6S rRNA gene | None | Antrum after HP eradication: Lactobacillus ↑, Clostridium leptum ↑, Enterobacteria ↑, Clostridium coccoides ↑ |
Corpus after HP eradication: Lactobacillus ↑, Clostridium coccoides ↑ | |||||||||||
Feces after HP eradication: Lactobacillus ↑ | |||||||||||
Li et al. [11] (2017) | China | 33 | Adult | Gastritis: 7 | Esomeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 2,000 mg, clarithromycin 1,000 mg, 7 days | Antrum and corpus | Biopsy | 8 weeks later | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | None | Bacterial diversity after HP eradication ↑ |
Intestinal metaplasia: 4 | OTUs after HP eradication: Neisseria ↑, Serratia ↑, Haemophilus parainfluenzae ↑, Rhizobium ↑, Flavobacterium ↑, Fusobacterium ↑ | ||||||||||
He et al. [12] (2019) | China | 17 | Adult | Chronic superficial gastritis: 10 | Esomeprazole 40 mg, bismuth subcitrate 440 mg, amoxicillin 2,000 mg, furazolidone 200 mg, 14 days | Antrum | Biopsy | 4 and 24 weeks later | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | PICRUSt | Bacterial diversity after HP eradication ↑ |
At 24 weeks after HP eradication: Prevotella ↑, Ralstonia ↑, Pseudomonas ↑, Lactobacillus ↑ | |||||||||||
At 24 weeks vs. 4 weeks after HP eradication: Prevotella ↑, Lactobacillus ↑, Ralstonia ↓ | |||||||||||
Changes in metagenomic function after HP eradication: lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis ↓, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins ↓,bacterial motility proteins ↓,bacterial chemotaxis ↓, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis ↑, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism ↑, pentose phosphate pathways ↑ | |||||||||||
Park et al. [13] (2019) | Korea | 138 | Adult | Chronic superficial gastritis: 9 | Rabeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 2,000 mg, clarithromycin 1,000 mg, 14 days | Antrum | Biopsy | 1 month hter | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | PICRUSt | Before the HP eradication therapy, the relative abundance of Helicobacter was 93.3%, vdiile that of non-HP-Proteobacteria was 2.9%. After the eradication, the relative abundance of non-HP-Proteobacteria increased (46.8%). |
Changes in microbial taxa and metagenomic function after HP eradication: Rhizobiales ↑, T4SS genes ↑ | |||||||||||
Serrano et al. [14] (2019) | Chile | 16 | Child | Children with nausea and abdominal discomfort: 7 | Omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, 14 days | Stomach | Biopsy | 2 months later | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | None | Shannon and Simpson indexes after HP eradication ↑, Pseudomo-nadaceae ↑, Delftia ↑, Kocuria ↑, Stenotrophomonas ↑ |
Guo et al. [15] (2020) | China | 164 | Adult | Normal or superficial gastritis: 5 | Omeprazole 40 mg, bismuth citrate 600 mg, metronidazole 1,200 mg, tetracycline 2,250 mg, 10 days | Antrum | Biopsy | 6 months later | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Tax4Fun | Richness and Shannon indexes after HP eradication ↑, Staphylococcus ↑, Corynebacterium ↑, Fusobaderium ↑, Bacteroides ↑, Streptophyta ↑, Prevotella ↑, Gemella ↑, Porphyromonas ↑, Alloprevotella ↑, Veillonella ↑, Neisseria ↑, Streptococcus ↑, Rothia ↑, Haemophilus ↑ |
Atrophic gastritis: 25 | Protein digestion and absorption ↑, glycosaminoglycan and other glycan degrada社on ↑, gastric acid secretion ↑, carbohydrate digestion and absorption ↑, flagellar assembly ↓, bacterial chemotaxis and bacterial secretion system pathways ↓ | ||||||||||
Intestinal metaplasia/dyspl asia: 28 | |||||||||||
Miao et al. [16] (2020) | China | 55 | Child | Gastritis or duodenitis: 2 | PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, 14 days, for 5 children | Antrum | Biopsy | Within 4 weeks later | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | PICRUSt | Microbial diversity after HP eradication ↑ |
Gastric or duodenal erosion: 2 | PPI, bismuth, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, 14 days, for 3 children | Neisseria, Cuwibacter, and Haemophilus were common in HP-negative children and patients with successful HP eradication | |||||||||
Duodenal ulcer: 7 | PPI, amoxicillin, 5 days, thereafter PPI, clarithromycin, 5 days (sequential therapy), for 2 children | ||||||||||
Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, bismuth, 14 days, for 1 child | |||||||||||
Sung et al. [6] (2020) | China | 202 | Adult | Gastritis, atrophy, or intestinal metaplasia: 102a | Omeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 2,000 mg, clarithromycin 1,000 mg, 7 days | Antrum and corpus | Biopsy | 1 year later | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | PICRUSt | Microbial diversity after HP eradication ↑ |
Patients with persistent inflammation 1 year after HP eradication: Acinetobacter Iwoffii ↑, Streptococcus anginosus ↑, Ralstonia ↑ | |||||||||||
Patients with emerged atrophy 1 year after HP eradication: Granulicatella ↑, Streptococcus ↑, Rothia ↑, Leptotrichia ↑ | |||||||||||
Patients with emerged intestinal metaplasia after HP eradication: Mesorhizobium ↑, Cupriavidus ↑ | |||||||||||
Changes in metagenomic function in patients with emerged intestinal metaplasia after HP eradication: amino acid metabolism ↑, inositol phosphate metabolism ↑, several genes encoding virulence bacterial T4SS ↑ |
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