1. Haslam DW, James WP. Obesity. Lancet 2005;366:1197–1209.
4. Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 2011;473:174–180.
5. Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J, et al. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science 2012;336:1262–1267.
14. Le Chatelier E, Nielsen T, Qin J, et al. Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature 2013;500:541–546.
15. Cotillard A, Kennedy SP, Kong LC, et al. Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness. Nature 2013;500:585–588.
22. Zhang J, Hoedt EC, Liu Q, et al. Elucidation of Proteus mirabilis as a key bacterium in Crohn’s disease inflammation. Gastroenterology 2021;160:317–330.e11.
38. Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2007;56:1761–1772.
42. Wahlström A, Sayin SI, Marschall HU, Bäckhed F. Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Cell Metab 2016;24:41–50.
43. Kalaany NY, Mangelsdorf DJ. LXRS and FXR: the yin and yang of cholesterol and fat metabolism. Annu Rev Physiol 2006;68:159–191.
45. Beyaz Coşkun A, Sağdiçoğlu Celep AG. Therapeutic modulation methods of gut microbiota and gut-liver axis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022;62:6505–6515.
46. Stenman LK, Waget A, Garret C, Klopp P, Burcelin R, Lahtinen S. Potential probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 prevents weight gain and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Benef Microbes 2014;5:437–445.
48. Andreasen AS, Larsen N, Pedersen-Skovsgaard T, et al. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on insulin sensitivity and the systemic inflammatory response in human subjects. Br J Nutr 2010;104:1831–1838.
50. Pontes KSDS, Guedes MR, Cunha MRD, et al. Effects of probiotics on body adiposity and cardiovascular risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2021;40:4915–4931.
51. Million M, Angelakis E, Paul M, Armougom F, Leibovici L, Raoult D. Comparative meta-analysis of the effect of Lactobacillus species on weight gain in humans and animals. Microb Pathog 2012;53:100–108.
52. Guarner F, Khan AG, Garisch J, et al. World gastroenterology organisation global guidelines: probiotics and prebiotics October 2011. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012;46:468–481.
53. Geurts L, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, Knauf C, Cani PD. Gut microbiota controls adipose tissue expansion, gut barrier and glucose metabolism: novel insights into molecular targets and interventions using prebiotics. Benef Microbes 2014;5:3–17.
55. Nicolucci AC, Hume MP, Martínez I, Mayengbam S, Walter J, Reimer RA. Prebiotics reduce body fat and alter intestinal microbiota in children who are overweight or with obesity. Gastroenterology 2017;153:711–722.
56. Kellow NJ, Coughlan MT, Reid CM. Metabolic benefits of dietary prebiotics in human subjects: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2014;111:1147–1161.
58. Derrien M, Vaughan EE, Plugge CM, de Vos WM. Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004;54:1469–1476.
64. Vindigni SM, Surawicz CM. Fecal microbiota transplantation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2017;46:171–185.
67. Vrieze A, Van Nood E, Holleman F, et al. Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Gastroenterology 2012;143:913–916; e7.
68. Kootte RS, Levin E, Salojärvi J, et al. Improvement of insulin sensitivity after lean donor feces in metabolic syndrome is driven by baseline intestinal microbiota composition. Cell Metab 2017;26:611–619.e6.